{"id":953,"date":"2025-03-11T07:41:26","date_gmt":"2025-03-11T07:41:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/corpus.haifa.ac.il\/?page_id=953"},"modified":"2026-02-26T15:49:22","modified_gmt":"2026-02-26T15:49:22","slug":"%d7%a9%d7%99%d7%98%d7%aa-%d7%94%d7%aa%d7%9e%d7%9c%d7%95%d7%9c","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/corpus.haifa.ac.il\/?page_id=953","title":{"rendered":"\u05e9\u05d9\u05d8\u05ea \u05d4\u05ea\u05de\u05dc\u05d5\u05dc"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"953\" class=\"elementor elementor-953\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-640eaab elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"640eaab\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-33e8298\" data-id=\"33e8298\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4a021b2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4a021b2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2><b>\u05e9\u05d9\u05d8\u05ea \u05d4\u05ea\u05de\u05dc\u05d5\u05dc<\/b><\/h2><p><a href=\"https:\/\/corpus.haifa.ac.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/\u05e9\u05d9\u05d8\u05ea-\u05d4\u05ea\u05de\u05dc\u05d5\u05dc-\u05d2\u05e8\u05e1\u05d4-\u05dc\u05d0\u05ea\u05e8-\u05d4\u05e7\u05d5\u05e8\u05e4\u05d5\u05e1-\u05de\u05e2\u05d5\u05d3\u05db\u05e0\u05ea.pdf\">\u05dc\u05e6\u05e4\u05d9\u05d9\u05d4 \u05d1\u05de\u05d5\u05e1\u05db\u05de\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05ea\u05de\u05dc\u05d5\u05dc \u05d4\u05de\u05dc\u05d0\u05d5\u05ea<\/a><\/p><p>\u05d4\u05ea\u05de\u05dc\u05d5\u05dc\u05d9\u05dd \u05d1\u05e7\u05d5\u05e8\u05e4\u05d5\u05e1 \u05e0\u05e2\u05e9\u05d5 \u05d1\u05d4\u05ea\u05d1\u05e1\u05e1 \u05e2\u05dc \u05e9\u05d9\u05d8\u05ea \u05d4\u05ea\u05de\u05dc\u05d5\u05dc \u05e9\u05dc \u05e6\u05f3\u05d9\u05d9\u05e3 (Chafe 1994), \u05d5\u05e2\u05d9\u05d1\u05d5\u05d3\u05d9\u05d4 \u05d4\u05e9\u05d5\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd \u05e2\u05dc \u05d9\u05d3\u05d9 \u05d3\u05d5 \u05d1\u05d5\u05d0\u05d4 (Du Bois et al. 1992, Du Bois 2012), \u05ea\u05d5\u05da \u05d4\u05ea\u05d0\u05de\u05ea\u05d4 \u05dc\u05e2\u05d1\u05e8\u05d9\u05ea \u05e2\u05f4\u05d9 \u05de\u05e9\u05dc\u05e8 (Maschler 1997, Maschler 2017).<\/p><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><strong>\u05d9\u05d7\u05d9\u05d3\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05e0\u05d2\u05e0\u05d4: \u05db\u05dc \u05e9\u05d5\u05e8\u05d4 \u05de\u05de\u05d5\u05e1\u05e4\u05e8\u05ea \u05d1\u05ea\u05de\u05dc\u05d5\u05dc \u05de\u05e1\u05de\u05e0\u05ea \u05d9\u05d7\u05d9\u05d3\u05ea \u05d4\u05e0\u05d2\u05e0\u05d4 \u05d0\u05d7\u05ea, \u05e9\u05d4\u05d9\u05d0 \u05e1\u05d3\u05e8\u05ea \u05de\u05d9\u05dc\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05de\u05d0\u05d5\u05d7\u05d3\u05d5\u05ea \u05e2\u05f4\u05d9 \u05de\u05ea\u05d0\u05e8 \u05d4\u05e0\u05d2\u05e0\u05d4 \u05d1\u05d5\u05d3\u05d3 (Chafe 1994).<\/strong><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><strong>\u05de\u05ea\u05d0\u05e8\u05d9 \u05d4\u05e0\u05d2\u05e0\u05d4: \u05de\u05e1\u05d5\u05de\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd \u05d1\u05e1\u05d9\u05d5\u05de\u05d4 \u05e9\u05dc \u05db\u05dc \u05d9\u05d7\u05d9\u05d3\u05ea \u05d4\u05e0\u05d2\u05e0\u05d4.\u00a0<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-b18be15 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b18be15\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-e5c66a2\" data-id=\"e5c66a2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c950aca elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c950aca\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">\u00a0<\/h2><h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">(\u05e4\u05e1\u05d9\u05e7)<\/h2><p>\u05d4\u05e0\u05d2\u05e0\u05d4 \u05d4\u05de\u05d5\u05e4\u05e7\u05ea \u05d1\u05d0\u05de\u05e6\u05e2 \u05de\u05e0\u05e2\u05d3 \u05d4\u05d3\u05d5\u05d1\u05e8.\u05ea, \u05e2\u05d5\u05dc\u05d4 \u05de\u05e2\u05d8 \u05d5\u05d9\u05d5\u05e8\u05d3\u05ea \u05de\u05e2\u05d8 \u05d1\u05e1\u05d5\u05e4\u05d4 (\u05d4\u05e0\u05d2\u05e0\u05d4 \u05de\u05de\u05e9\u05d9\u05db\u05d4, \u05f4\u05d9\u05e9 \u05dc\u05d9 \u05e2\u05d5\u05d3 \u05de\u05d4 \u05dc\u05d4\u05d5\u05e1\u05d9\u05e3\u05f4)<\/p><audio class=\"wp-audio-shortcode\" id=\"audio-953-1\" preload=\"none\" style=\"width: 100%;\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"audio\/wav\" src=\"https:\/\/corpus.haifa.ac.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Comma.wav?_=1\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/corpus.haifa.ac.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Comma.wav\">https:\/\/corpus.haifa.ac.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Comma.wav<\/a><\/audio><hr \/><p><span style=\"color: #333399;\">\u05ea\u05de\u05dc\u05d5\u05dc:<\/span><\/p><p>\u05d1\u05e7\u05d9\u05e6\u05d5&#8211;\u05e8,<\/p><p style=\"padding-right: 80px;\">\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-02e169e\" data-id=\"02e169e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d6321ff elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d6321ff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">.<\/h2><h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">(\u05e0\u05e7\u05d5\u05d3\u05d4)<\/h2><p>\u05d4\u05e0\u05d2\u05e0\u05d4 \u05d9\u05d5\u05e8\u05d3\u05ea \u05dc\u05e2\u05d1\u05e8 \u05ea\u05d7\u05ea\u05d9\u05ea \u05de\u05e0\u05e2\u05d3 \u05d4\u05d3\u05d5\u05d1\u05e8.\u05ea (\u05d4\u05e0\u05d2\u05e0\u05d4 \u05de\u05e1\u05d9\u05d9\u05de\u05ea, \u05f4\u05e1\u05d9\u05d9\u05de\u05ea\u05d9 \u05d0\u05ea \u05d3\u05d1\u05e8\u05d9\u05d9\u05f4)<\/p><audio class=\"wp-audio-shortcode\" id=\"audio-953-2\" preload=\"none\" style=\"width: 100%;\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"audio\/mpeg\" src=\"https:\/\/corpus.haifa.ac.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/\u05e0\u05e7\u05d5\u05d3\u05d4-\u05de\u05e7\u05d5\u05e6\u05e8.mp3?_=2\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/corpus.haifa.ac.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/\u05e0\u05e7\u05d5\u05d3\u05d4-\u05de\u05e7\u05d5\u05e6\u05e8.mp3\">https:\/\/corpus.haifa.ac.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/\u05e0\u05e7\u05d5\u05d3\u05d4-\u05de\u05e7\u05d5\u05e6\u05e8.mp3<\/a><\/audio><hr \/><p><span style=\"color: #333399;\">\u05ea\u05de\u05dc\u05d5\u05dc:<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u05d6\u05d4 \u05de\u05d4 \u05e9\u05d0\u05e0\u05d9 \u05e6\u05e8\u05d9\u05da.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-013d7bb\" data-id=\"013d7bb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-783948c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"783948c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">?<\/h2><h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">(\u05e1\u05d9\u05de\u05df \u05e9\u05d0\u05dc\u05d4)<\/h2><p>\u05d4\u05e0\u05d2\u05e0\u05d4 \u05e2\u05d5\u05dc\u05d4 \u05dc\u05d7\u05dc\u05e7 \u05d4\u05d2\u05d1\u05d5\u05d4 \u05d1\u05de\u05e0\u05e2\u05d3 \u05d4\u05d3\u05d5\u05d1\u05e8.\u05ea (\u05d4\u05e0\u05d2\u05e0\u05d4 \u05de\u05e1\u05d9\u05d9\u05de\u05ea, \u05f4\u05e1\u05d9\u05d9\u05de\u05ea\u05d9 \u05d0\u05ea \u05d3\u05d1\u05e8\u05d9\u05d9 \u05d5\u05d0\u05e0\u05d9 \u05de\u05d1\u05e7\u05e9.\u05ea \u05ea\u05d2\u05d5\u05d1\u05d4\u05f4)<\/p><audio class=\"wp-audio-shortcode\" id=\"audio-953-3\" preload=\"none\" style=\"width: 100%;\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"audio\/wav\" src=\"https:\/\/corpus.haifa.ac.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/question-mark-.wav?_=3\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/corpus.haifa.ac.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/question-mark-.wav\">https:\/\/corpus.haifa.ac.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/question-mark-.wav<\/a><\/audio><hr \/><p><span style=\"color: #333399;\">\u05ea\u05de\u05dc\u05d5\u05dc:<\/span><\/p><p>\u05d0\u05ea\u05d4 \u05d9\u05d5\u05d3\u05e2 \u05d0\u05d9\u05e4\u05d4 \u05d6\u05d4?<\/p><p style=\"padding-right: 80px;\">\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-a703d72 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a703d72\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-f359251\" data-id=\"f359251\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b0c4b3c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b0c4b3c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">?,<\/h2><h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">(\u05e1\u05d9\u05de\u05df \u05e9\u05d0\u05dc\u05d4 \u05e9\u05dc\u05d0\u05d7\u05e8\u05d9\u05d5 \u05e4\u05e1\u05d9\u05e7)<\/h2><p>\u05d4\u05e0\u05d2\u05e0\u05d4 \u05e2\u05d5\u05dc\u05d4 \u05dc\u05e2\u05d1\u05e8 \u05d4\u05d7\u05dc\u05e7 \u05d4\u05d2\u05d1\u05d5\u05d4 \u05d1\u05de\u05e0\u05e2\u05d3 \u05d4\u05d3\u05d5\u05d1\u05e8.\u05ea, \u05d5\u05d1\u05e1\u05d5\u05e4\u05d4 \u05d9\u05e8\u05d9\u05d3\u05d4 \u05e7\u05d8\u05e0\u05d4 (\u05d4\u05e0\u05d2\u05e0\u05d4 \u05de\u05de\u05e9\u05d9\u05db\u05d4, \u05f4\u05d9\u05e9 \u05dc\u05d9 \u05e2\u05d5\u05d3 \u05de\u05d4 \u05dc\u05d4\u05d5\u05e1\u05d9\u05e3, \u05d0\u05da \u05d0\u05e0\u05d9 \u05d2\u05dd \u05de\u05d1\u05e7\u05e9.\u05ea \u05ea\u05d2\u05d5\u05d1\u05d4 (\u05de\u05d9\u05e0\u05d9\u05de\u05dc\u05d9\u05ea)\u05f4)<\/p><audio class=\"wp-audio-shortcode\" id=\"audio-953-4\" preload=\"none\" style=\"width: 100%;\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"audio\/mpeg\" src=\"https:\/\/corpus.haifa.ac.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/\u05e1\u05d9\u05de\u05df-\u05e9\u05d0\u05dc\u05d4-\u05e4\u05e1\u05d9\u05e7.mp3?_=4\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/corpus.haifa.ac.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/\u05e1\u05d9\u05de\u05df-\u05e9\u05d0\u05dc\u05d4-\u05e4\u05e1\u05d9\u05e7.mp3\">https:\/\/corpus.haifa.ac.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/\u05e1\u05d9\u05de\u05df-\u05e9\u05d0\u05dc\u05d4-\u05e4\u05e1\u05d9\u05e7.mp3<\/a><\/audio><hr \/><p><span style=\"color: #333399;\">\u05ea\u05de\u05dc\u05d5\u05dc:<\/span><\/p><p>..\u05d0\u05d7\u05d5\u05ea\u05d4,<\/p><p>..\u05e9\u05dc \u05d2\u05e8\u05d5\u05e9\u05ea\u05d9?,<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-4ae54e1\" data-id=\"4ae54e1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-20050db elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"20050db\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">!<\/h2><h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">(\u05e1\u05d9\u05de\u05df \u05e7\u05e8\u05d9\u05d0\u05d4)<\/h2><p>\u05d4\u05e0\u05d2\u05e0\u05d4 \u05d9\u05d5\u05e8\u05d3\u05ea \u05de\u05e1\u05d5\u05de\u05e0\u05ea (\u05d4\u05e0\u05d2\u05e0\u05d4 \u05de\u05e1\u05d9\u05d9\u05de\u05ea, \u05f4\u05e1\u05d9\u05d9\u05de\u05ea\u05d9 \u05d0\u05ea \u05d3\u05d1\u05e8\u05d9\u05d9 \u05d5\u05d0\u05e0\u05d9 \u05e0\u05dc\u05d4\u05d1.\u05ea\u05f4)\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<\/p><audio class=\"wp-audio-shortcode\" id=\"audio-953-5\" preload=\"none\" style=\"width: 100%;\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"audio\/mpeg\" src=\"https:\/\/corpus.haifa.ac.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/\u05e1\u05d9\u05de\u05df-\u05e7\u05e8\u05d9\u05d0\u05d4-\u05de\u05e7\u05d5\u05e6\u05e8.mp3?_=5\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/corpus.haifa.ac.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/\u05e1\u05d9\u05de\u05df-\u05e7\u05e8\u05d9\u05d0\u05d4-\u05de\u05e7\u05d5\u05e6\u05e8.mp3\">https:\/\/corpus.haifa.ac.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/\u05e1\u05d9\u05de\u05df-\u05e7\u05e8\u05d9\u05d0\u05d4-\u05de\u05e7\u05d5\u05e6\u05e8.mp3<\/a><\/audio><hr \/><p><span style=\"color: #333399;\">\u05ea\u05de\u05dc\u05d5\u05dc:<\/span><\/p><p>\u05d0\u05ea \u05dc\u05d0 \u05de\u05d1\u05d9\u05e0\u05d4!<\/p><p style=\"padding-right: 80px;\">\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-29e6d48\" data-id=\"29e6d48\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-05b21a1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"05b21a1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2>\u00a0<\/h2><h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">\u05dc\u05dc\u05d0 \u05e1\u05d9\u05de\u05df \u05e4\u05d9\u05e1\u05d5\u05e7<\/h2><p>\u05d9\u05d7\u05d9\u05d3\u05ea \u05d4\u05e0\u05d2\u05e0\u05d4 \u05e7\u05d8\u05d5\u05e2\u05d4, \u05e9\u05de\u05e2\u05d5\u05dc\u05dd \u05dc\u05d0 \u05d4\u05d2\u05d9\u05e2\u05d4 \u05dc\u05d9\u05d3\u05d9 \u05e1\u05d9\u05d5\u05dd\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/p><audio class=\"wp-audio-shortcode\" id=\"audio-953-6\" preload=\"none\" style=\"width: 100%;\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"audio\/mpeg\" src=\"https:\/\/corpus.haifa.ac.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/\u05e7\u05d8\u05d5\u05e2\u05d4.mp3?_=6\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/corpus.haifa.ac.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/\u05e7\u05d8\u05d5\u05e2\u05d4.mp3\">https:\/\/corpus.haifa.ac.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/\u05e7\u05d8\u05d5\u05e2\u05d4.mp3<\/a><\/audio><hr \/><p><span style=\"color: #333399;\">\u05ea\u05de\u05dc\u05d5\u05dc:<\/span><\/p><p>\u05d5\u05d0\u05d6 \u05d4\u05d9\u05d0 \u05d0\u05de\u05e8\u05d4<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c153094 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c153094\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<hr \/><p><b>\u05de\u05e7\u05d5\u05e8\u05d5\u05ea<\/b><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.co.il\/books\/edition\/Discourse_Consciousness_and_Time\/j-UFqNz8D28C?hl=iw&amp;gbpv=1&amp;dq=wallace+chafe+discourse+consciousness+and+time&amp;printsec=frontcover\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chafe, Wallace. 1994. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Discourse, Consciousness, and Time<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Chicago: University of <\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chicago Press.<\/span><\/a><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/profile\/John-Du-Bois\/publication\/230875969_Outline_of_discourse_transcription\/links\/5898b8e6a6fdcc32dbdd05e5\/Outline-of-discourse-transcription.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Du Bois, John W., Cumming Susanna, Schuetze-Coburn Stephan, &amp; Danae Paolino. 1992. <\/span> <i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Discourse Transcription: Santa Barbara Papers in Linguistics, vol. 4<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Santa Barbara: <\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Department of Linguistics, University of California, Santa Barbara.<\/span><\/a><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Du Bois, John W. 2012. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Representing discourse<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Linguistics Department, University of <\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">California at <\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Santa Barbara (Fall 2012 version).\u00a0 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/><\/span> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.linguistics.ucsb.edu\/projects\/transcription\/representing\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">http:\/\/www.linguistics.ucsb.edu\/projects\/transcription\/representing<\/span><\/a><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/20508205\/Maschler_Yael_1997_Discourse_Markers_at_Frame_Shifts_in_Israeli_Hebrew_Talk_In_Interaction?sm=b&amp;rhid=37502921530\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Maschler, Yael. 1997. Discourse markers at frame shifts in Israeli Hebrew talk-in-<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">interaction. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pragmatics <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">7(2): 183-211.\u00a0<\/span><\/a><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/20288494\/Maschler_Yael_2017_The_emergence_of_Hebrew_loydea_loydat_I_dunno_MASC_FEM_from_interaction_Blurring_the_boundaries_between_discourse_marker_pragmatic_marker_and_modal_particle?sm=b&amp;rhid=37502945735\">Maschler, Yael. 2017. The emergence of Hebrew <em>loydea \/ loydat<\/em> (\u2018I dunno masc\/fem\u2019) from interaction:\u00a0 Blurring the boundaries between discourse marker, pragmatic marker, and modal particle.\u00a0 In: Andrea Sans\u00f2 and Chiara Fedriani (eds.), <em>Pragmatic Markers, Discourse Markers and Modal Particles: New Perspectives<\/em>. Amsterdam\/Philadelphia: John Benjamins. 37-69.<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u05e9\u05d9\u05d8\u05ea \u05d4\u05ea\u05de\u05dc\u05d5\u05dc \u05dc\u05e6\u05e4\u05d9\u05d9\u05d4 \u05d1\u05de\u05d5\u05e1\u05db\u05de\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05ea\u05de\u05dc\u05d5\u05dc \u05d4\u05de\u05dc\u05d0\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05ea\u05de\u05dc\u05d5\u05dc\u05d9\u05dd \u05d1\u05e7\u05d5\u05e8\u05e4\u05d5\u05e1 \u05e0\u05e2\u05e9\u05d5 \u05d1\u05d4\u05ea\u05d1\u05e1\u05e1 \u05e2\u05dc \u05e9\u05d9\u05d8\u05ea \u05d4\u05ea\u05de\u05dc\u05d5\u05dc \u05e9\u05dc \u05e6\u05f3\u05d9\u05d9\u05e3 (Chafe 1994), \u05d5\u05e2\u05d9\u05d1\u05d5\u05d3\u05d9\u05d4 \u05d4\u05e9\u05d5\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd \u05e2\u05dc \u05d9\u05d3\u05d9 \u05d3\u05d5 \u05d1\u05d5\u05d0\u05d4 (Du Bois et al. 1992, Du Bois 2012), \u05ea\u05d5\u05da \u05d4\u05ea\u05d0\u05de\u05ea\u05d4 \u05dc\u05e2\u05d1\u05e8\u05d9\u05ea \u05e2\u05f4\u05d9 \u05de\u05e9\u05dc\u05e8 (Maschler 1997, Maschler 2017). \u05d9\u05d7\u05d9\u05d3\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05e0\u05d2\u05e0\u05d4: \u05db\u05dc \u05e9\u05d5\u05e8\u05d4 \u05de\u05de\u05d5\u05e1\u05e4\u05e8\u05ea \u05d1\u05ea\u05de\u05dc\u05d5\u05dc \u05de\u05e1\u05de\u05e0\u05ea \u05d9\u05d7\u05d9\u05d3\u05ea \u05d4\u05e0\u05d2\u05e0\u05d4 \u05d0\u05d7\u05ea, \u05e9\u05d4\u05d9\u05d0 \u05e1\u05d3\u05e8\u05ea \u05de\u05d9\u05dc\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05de\u05d0\u05d5\u05d7\u05d3\u05d5\u05ea \u05e2\u05f4\u05d9 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-953","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/corpus.haifa.ac.il\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/953","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/corpus.haifa.ac.il\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/corpus.haifa.ac.il\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/corpus.haifa.ac.il\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/corpus.haifa.ac.il\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=953"}],"version-history":[{"count":229,"href":"https:\/\/corpus.haifa.ac.il\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/953\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3268,"href":"https:\/\/corpus.haifa.ac.il\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/953\/revisions\/3268"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/corpus.haifa.ac.il\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=953"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}